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Probus Hears About Military Medicine

President Stephen Thair with David Wiggins

The impact of weapons technology on combat injuries forced the evolution of military medicine technology.

Such changes occurred over the centuries, but it was during the English Civil War when Oliver Cromwell with the Model Army repurposed a building to create the Savoy Hospital in 1642. He had realised that the previous system of camp followers tending to the wounded no longer suited with firearms causing different wounds.

Good teeth needed to load muskets

David Wiggins, the curator of the Museum of Military Medicine, currently in the process of transferring from the Keogh Barracks in Ash Vale near Aldershot to be near the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire, outlined the medical advances and health care since the time of Cromwell to the Probus Club of Basingstoke.

The real improvements emerged with the recognition that many combatants survived their initial surgery but died due to general conditions and disease. Regiments had their own small medical teams, but it was in the Peninsular Wars of 1808 –14 that the medical services of the army were organised on a more formal basis.

Records show that during the Crimean War 1853-56 there were 4,600 combat injuries yet 20,000 died through typhus/typhoid. Enter Florence Nightingale with her disciplined approach to medical care that started a reversal of such statistics so that during the Boer War 1899-1902 with 22,000 wounded that a reduced percentage of 7,400 died from dysentery or typhoid fever.

The industrial scale of WW1 1914-18 brought in new wounds due to advances in military equipment. There was an equalisation between combat deaths and disease and a recognition that it was imperative to remove casualties from the battlefield to proper recovery settings.

Basingstoke made Thornycroft J type lorry converted as ambulance

Tented casualty clearing stations then led to casualty evacuation by various methods. Motorised ambulance, some made by Thornycroft in Basingstoke converted from the order for 5,000 of their J type 3-ton vehicle, inland canal barges, hospital ships and trains.

Royal Victoria Hospital at Netley

The Royal Victoria Hospital was built at Netley with its own jetty on the Solent and on a branch line ambulance trains brought casualties directly to Park Prewett hospital in Basingstoke used for Canadian troop casualties.

Canadian patients at Park Prewett Hospital in Basingstoke

Blood transfusions, X-rays, gas masks for men, horses and dogs, improved designs of splints and the introduction of the Brodie steel helmet in 1916 all helped reduce deaths by 80%.

Major Harold Gillies RAMC

A medical officer, Harold Gillies introduced skin grafts to maxillo-facial reconstruction that became known as plastic surgery with patients at Rooksdown part of Park Prewett hospital in Basingstoke. Today a general medical practice surgery in the town is named after this famous surgeon.

WW2 1939-45 saw further use of field surgical and transfusion units positioned as close as possible to the point of injury. But it was another medical officer, Alexander Fleming, who in 1943 developed the wonder drug, Penicillin, that became a game changer in recovery outcomes.

Post 1945 the helicopter became crucial to the recovery of battlefield casualties with the popular later TV programme, MASH, demonstrating the joined-up thinking with the connection of emergency evacuation with a mobile army surgical hospital during the Korean war 1950-53.

Medical evacuation by helicopter in the Falklands

Helicopter use was necessary during the Falklands conflict of 1982 transferring casualties to hospital ships while the Afghan campaign 2001-2021, saw significant use of various helicopters in both the deployment of troops and casualty evacuation. Many casualties received medical support at Headley Court near Birmingham that become famous for the increasing use of prosthetics.

Peacetime also sees military services in demand under ‘hearts and minds’ policies both for medical and dentistry work in foreign countries. The Ebola outbreak in parts of Africa needed their intervention and at home the Covid-19 pandemic saw the construction of temporary hospitals.

Peacetime medical aid under “Hearts & Minds”

2024 saw the amalgamation of three historical medical sections into one cohesive unit called the Royal Army Medical Service (RAMS). These were the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) founded in 1898, the Royal Army Dental Corps (RADC) founded 1921 and the Queen Alexandra’s Royal Army Nursing Corps (QARANC) founded 1902. The aim is to provide full medical and dentistry services to our military for use in peacetime and during conflict to a level matching that of the NHS.

Probus Publicity in February

The first image is the January Kempshott Kourier that now publishes half way through the month so it shows the visit to RNLI Calshot, while the other five magazines all give good coverage to the presentation of My Life in Nuclear by Suzanne Fletcher-Mallinson.

It was pleasing to see that the elusive Loddon Valley Link gave a full page to this report, no doubt because of the local interest in AWE.

Probus Hears About a Life in Nuclear

President Stephen Thair with Speaker Suzanne Fletcher-Mallinson

Retired nuclear scientist and Basingstoke resident of many years, Suzanne Fletcher-Mallinson, Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, gave an outline to the Probus Club of Basingstoke of her working life spent in various sections of the nuclear industry.

After earning her MSc from the University of California, Berkeley, she joined Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, an institution known for designing nuclear systems comparable to those developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. She facilitated nuclear and delivery system testing in Nevada and certified LLNL systems at more than seven production sites.

Underground Nuclear Testing in Nevada Desert

By 1990 the USA had produced approximately 70,000 nuclear devices across 65 types. Suzanne described field tests of a 6-inch diameter device using Nato guns. Next was her involvement in President Reagan’s ‘Star Wars’ – Strategic Defence Initiative project to create a dome of defence using nuclear-driven x-ray lasers to knock out incoming nuclear missiles.

Moving to AWE in Aldermaston she married in January 1989 which qualified her for British citizenship five years later.

Following various roles, including being physicist and manager of the remaining reactor on the Aldermaston site, VIPER, she became the Technical Assistant to the Director of Research & Applied Science.

Throughout her career she also performed research alongside her engineering roles. This led to her attending conferences at Nashville Tennessee, Lucerne in Switzerland, Kyoto in Japan, and London.

Following a career break after the birth of her third child in 2003, she joined Serco from 2007 – 2012 as a Nuclear Safety Consultant. Based at Harwell in Oxfordshire she also covered AWE Aldermaston and Burghfield (A and B) as well as Winfrith in Dorset.

Suzanne rejoined AWE as an Internal Regulator in 2012, ensuring the safety standard and compliance of many of the facilities on the AWE A and B sites.

The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) snapped her up as a Nuclear Safety Regulator in 2016. Here her remit included various facilities at Sellafield in Cumbria and two defence sites associated with nuclear submarine building and maintenance at Barrow-in-Furness and Devonport.

Sellafield Cumbria. Widely known for nuclear waste disposal

Partway through her time with ONR she shifted from Safety Regulation to Security Regulation. The ONR work included many nuclear sites as well as assessment of two Small Modular Reactors (SMR) going through the Generic Design Assessment stage of Licencing. She retired in October 2024.

Today her interests include being a square dance caller across southern England, being Secretary of the Square Dance Callers Club of Great Britian and being a member of the Ladies’ Probus Club of Basingstoke. For more information about the Ladies’ Probus Club of Basingstoke email their secretary at reverendjane@hotmail.co.uk or phone her on 01256 471193.

For more information about the Men’s Probus Club of Basingstoke see http://www.probusbasingstoke.club or phone their secretary on 07814 937202 for an informal chat.

Publicity in January 2026

With January seeing only half the usual number of local magazines published the results below also indicate the time scales used by magazines like the CommunityAd group which carry our reports well after being seen in other regular monthly publications

Funeral of Malcolm Barham Monday 5th January 2026

The funeral service for Probus member Malcolm Barham took place at Basingstoke Crematorium on Monday 5th January 2026.

Despite snowy conditions that had an impact on attendance, our Probus Club was represented by President Stephen Thair, Chris Perkins, Nick Waring, David Wickens and David Stiles (with Jenny). There was a contingent of members of the Loddon Masonic Lodge who formed a guard of honour for the entrance of the coffin into the chapel. A keen Freemason, Malcolm held the rank of Senior Grand Warden and had gone through the chair in the Oakley Chapter of Royal Arch Freemasons. Masonic symbols adorned the coffin.

It was a lengthy service with family tributes from son Paul, from Texas, and daughter Julie where much was learned about Malcolm’s early life. As an athlete he was the best under fifteen quarter miler around his hometown of Peterborough, his love of motorcycles and his girlfriend, Floss, who were married for seventy years, and their love of dancing.

 As a qualified electrical engineer, he trained as a part time lecturer in electrical engineering and then car maintenance. Malcolm was also a member of the Basingstoke Male Voice Choir.

A reception was held at Oakley Hall hotel.

Probus Publicity December 2025

A good result in the local media mainly about the talk by Natalie Larner who outlined the exploits of local First World War hero, Captain John Aidan Liddell VC MC, and his burial in the Holy Ghost cemetery in Basingstoke.

Two other subjects were covered, the Basingstoke Gazette featured our trip to Calshot Spit lifeboat station although a larger version appeared on their web site, and the Villager carried the exclusive story of our member Dave Kitson having a ‘grand day out’ on the London to Brighton veteran car rally.

Probus Club Christmas Lunch Tuesday 2nd December 2025

President Stephen & Margaret Thair

This year our Christmas lunch was held at the Test Valley Golf Club and they did us proud with a decorated room and round tables and provided very good food.

President Stephen and Margaret Thair presided over the lunch where Grace was said by Rev John Dawson. Thanks were given to Paul Klinger who had organised all matters of the day including creating the puzzle and purchasing the floral sprays for the ladies.

Thanks are also due to Michael Luck who acted as the photographer on the day – while it is understandable that Tony and Lesley Acheson are missing as they left early but it is a mystery that David Wickens has avoided appearing in the rogues gallery. Mary Klinger kindly took the photographs of the room settings.

Probus Visit to R.N.L.I. Calshot 20 November 2025

An extremely chilly but very sunny day greeted our group of twenty-one members and families of the Probus Club of Basingstoke for a visit to the RNLI Station at the very end of Calshot Spit.

Members and Wives/Lady Friends in Front of ‘B’ Class Lifeboat

The RNLI is the charity that saves lives at sea. Its volunteers provide a 24-hour search and rescue service around the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland coasts. The RNLI operates 238 lifeboat stations in the UK and Ireland and more than 240 lifeguard units on beaches around the UK and Channel Islands. The RNLI is independent of Coastguard and government and depends on voluntary donations and legacies to maintain its rescue service.

President Stephen Thair Presents Cheque to Charlie Threlfall
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Since the RNLI was founded in 1824, its lifeboat crews and lifeguards have saved over 146,700 lives. Until its closure in 1961, Calshot Spit had been the site of RAF Calshot, which was the primary seaplane/flying boat development and training unit in the United Kingdom.

A historic seaplane at RAF Calshot, showcasing the site’s aviation heritage.
Readying for takeoff

After the departure of the RAF, Hampshire County Council opened an educational activities centre on the site. The centre was regularly being asked by HM Coastguard to use its boats, to go out and rescue people in trouble off shore. The huge increase of maritime call-outs were such, that, negotiations were established with the RNLI, with a view to there being a more formalised rescue service for this busy stretch of water. A year was spent evaluating this proposition and as a result, a RNLI lifeboat station was established on the site in 1970.

In 1996, the RNLI funded the construction of new shore facilities for Calshot Station, constructed on concrete stanchions to prevent flooding. Hampshire County Council provided a new boarding jetty for use jointly by the lifeboat station and the Calshot Activity Centre.

Briefing About The R.N.L.I. by Charlie Threlfall

Various all-weather lifeboats have seen service at Calshot over the years, but in 2012, the Calshot board of trustees decided that the base would cease to be an all-weather facility. Consequently, the last larger Tyne class lifeboat was withdrawn on 4th of April of that year. Since then, Calshot has been officially re-designated as an Inshore lifeboat station with a responsibility stretching from the River Itchen bridge in Southampton, all the way down the Solent to the Isle of Wight. As such, it has necessitated keeping pace with improvements in facilities both for lifeboats and crews: not to mention the constantly evolving changes in equipment and operational procedures. Calshot at present, is equipped with both ‘D’ and ‘B’ class lifeboats. The D-class lifeboat is of an inflatable type serving the RNLI lifeboat fleet as well as a number of Independent Lifeboats around the UK and Ireland. It is one of the smallest lifeboats operated by the RNLI, and unlike other members of the inshore lifeboat fleet, does not have a rigid hull. At Calshot, it normally has a crew of three or and is primarily used for surfer/swimmer incidents as well as assisting in cliff or mud bank rescues. The very nature of its work requires a swift response, and the D-class can normally be deployed very quickly.

Explanation About ‘D’ Class Lifeboat

The much larger “Atlantic 85” B-class lifeboat named ‘Max Walls’ is stationed at Calshot. It is a fast inshore rescue craft and is named after Atlantic College in South Wales where it was designed. Capable of reaching a useful 35 kts, it can be deployed in shallow waters as well as handling challenging, open sea conditions. It is equipped with powerful twin 115hp Yamaha outboard engines and has a self-righting mechanism. It is also equipped with modern advanced navigation and communication systems.

All Aboard The ‘B’ Class Lifeboat Class Lifeboat

An incredible visit was had by all and we were royally treated to the fine hospitality afforded by the RNLI Calshot Crew. Due to the restricted space within the base, we were limited in party size. However, the Probus Club of Basingstoke has booked for a return trip in the spring of 2026

Report by Chris Perkins MVO

Probus Learn About Local Hero

Natalie Larner with President Stephen Thair

Sherfield-on-Loddon resident Natalie Larner gave an outline to the Probus Club of Basingstoke of Captain John Aidan Liddell VC MC whose 1915 burial in South View cemetery, Basingstoke was attended by many dignitaries and public crowds.

Although he was born near Newcastle in 1888, during the early 1900s and after the First World War, the Liddell family lived at Sherfield Manor which today is Sherfield School. As a lasting connection one of the buildings at Sherfield Village Hall bears the family name and on 11 November each year a special service is held to commemorate his memory.

John Aidan Liddell 1888 – 1915

Following Balliol College, Oxford, where he had obtained a first-class degree in Zoology, at the age of 24 and not wanting to be a ’slacker’ John Aidan Liddell joined the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders following his maternal grandfather into a Scottish regiment.

When the first World War started, with the rank of Lieutenant, he commanded a Maxim machine gun section on the Western Front that remained unsupported for 43 days. For this action and for saving the Company Sergeant Major he received the MC.

This long time at the front, spent either in action or the suboptimal conditions of front-line trenches, where he changed his socks only once in that time, took a toll on his health and he was given leave.

Lt Liddell at the Western Front

Before the outbreak of the war, he had trained as a pilot, flying a Boxkite at the Vickers school at Brooklands and following recuperation from his battlefield experiences he joined the Royal Flying Corps being promoted to Captain and was stationed at Saint-Omer in northern France.

RE 5 Biplane with pilot positioned behind observer who had Lewis light machine gun

On 31 July 1915 he, together with an observer/gunner, was flying a two-seater RE 5 biplane at 5,000 feet near Bruges when they were fired on by enemy aircraft. Badly wounded with a shattered right thigh he lost consciousness and the plane nose-dived. Regaining consciousness, he was able to regain control at only 3,000 feet above enemy lines.

The plane was badly damaged and with the crew member, 2nd Lieutenant Roland Peck, also wounded, he managed to fly back to base saving not only the plane but also the life of his observer. Captain Liddell had his right leg amputated but died due to septicaemia a month later. He was 27 years old.

There had been much publicity in the British newspapers of this event so that when his body was brought back to England and following a Catholic mass held in London, the coffin travelled to Basingstoke by train where it was met with pipers from his regiment. The cortege passed through the town where crowds lined the streets and flags flown at half half-mast. His observer was amongst many who attended the funeral.

The posthumous VC was presented to his father by King George V at Buckingham Palace on 17 November 1915. Only four such medals were awarded to members of the Royal Flying Corps.

Several commemorative plaques of Captain John Aidan Liddell VC MC are found around Britain, but Sherfield-on-Loddon has its own memorials. His name can be seen topping the list of other local men who lost their lives during this conflict on the village war memorial. And in 2015, the century after his death, a commemorative engraved paving stone, atop a brick plinth, was positioned near the crossroad in the village. Sherfield-on-Loddon residents are justly proud of their local man who became a war hero.

Probus at Remembrance Service

Stephen Thair and Paul Klinger, as President and Vice President respectively, represented the Club at the Remembrance Sunday Service and commemoration which was held at the Basingstoke War Memorial.

The event was very well attended with Veterans, the Gurkhas, Cadets, Scouts and Guides marching in the Parade to take their positions around the War Memorial, and many members of the public in attendance.

The Salvation Army Band provided the music, and the Odiham Military Wives Choir sang two songs. The service was led by Chaplain Charles Lewis.

There was a well-timed flypast by a Chinook helicopter from RAF Odiham and the Two Minutes Silence was initiated by the Last Post performed by a member of the Salvation Army.

The first wreaths were laid by the Mayor of Basingstoke and Deane and other civic dignitaries, and then representatives of other organisations followed, Stephen Thair laying a wreath on behalf of the Club. The wreath-laying was followed by the Remembrance Service, led by the Chaplain.

The event was a very moving commemoration and remembrance of those who had given their lives on behalf of our Country so that we can enjoy the freedoms that we have today. It was encouraging that it was so well attended, not only by veterans of the armed services and members of the civilian uniformed services, but also by so many  young people from  schools and various youth organisations in the area.

Stephen Thair